Lesson1 Part1

Metallic Ores

An ore can be described briefly as an accumulation of mineral in sufficient quantity as to be capable of economic extraction.

一个矿石可以简单地描述为一个足够数量的、能够经济开采的矿藏。

This establishes the market price of the metal as a critical criterion in the definition, and this will vary according to the commercial demands.

这就确立了金属的市场价格作为定义中的一个关键标准，这将根据商业需求而变化。

With the passage of time and depletion of richer or more readily accessible material, a mineral deposit may be updated to an ore.

随着时间的推移和更丰富和更容易获得的物质的枯竭，矿床可能更新为矿石。

Improvement in metallurgical extraction and the introduction of new methods also become factors in making available deposits hitherto regarded as uneconomic.

冶金提取的改进和新方法的引入也成为迄今为止被认为不经济矿床的重新利用的因素。

Thus the introduction of the flotation process in mineral processing permitted the extraction of copper from material containing less than 0.5% of the metal and formerly regarded as waste, Similarly the introduction of solvent extraction has enabled Nchanga Consoli­dated Copper Mines in Zambia to treat 9 million tonnes per year of flotation tailings, producing 80,000 tonnes of finished copper from what was previously regarded as waste material.

因此，在矿物加工中引入浮选工艺可以从含铜量少于0.5%的材料中提取铜，以前这些材料被视为废物。同样萃取剂的引入使得赞比亚Nchanga合并铜矿能够每年处理900万吨浮选尾矿，从以前被视为废料的地方生产了80000吨成品铜Ores are frequently classed according to the nature of the valuable mineral.

矿石通常根据有用矿物的性质进行分类。

Thus in native ores the metal is presented in the elementary form; sulphide ores contain the metal in the form of a sulphide, and in oxidised ores the valuable mineral may be present as oxide, sulphate, silicate, carbonate, or some hydrated from of these.

因此，在天然矿石中，金属以元素形式存在；硫化物矿石中含有硫化物金属，在氧化物矿石中，有价值的矿物可能以氧化物，硫酸盐，硅酸盐，碳酸盐或其中一些水化物的形式存在。

Complex ores are those containing profitable amounts of more than one valuable mineral.

复杂矿石是指含有一种以上有用矿物的矿石。

Metallic minerals are often found in certain associations, within which they may occur as mixtures of a wide range of particle sizes or as single-phase solid solutions or compounds.

金属矿物通常以某些关联形式存在，在其中他们可能以各种粒径的混合物或单相固溶体或化合物的形式出现。

Galena and sphalerite, for example, commonly associate, as do copper sulphide minerals and sphalerite to a lesser extent. Pyrite (FeS2) is very often associated with these minerals.

例如，方铅矿和闪锌矿通常共生，硫化铜矿物和闪锌矿的共生程度较低。黄铁矿（FeS2）通常与这些矿物伴生。

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