Bituminous coal—a dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat arid power applications in manufacturing and to make coke.
烟煤—一种致密的煤，通常为黑色，有时为深棕色，通常有明确的明亮和无光泽物质带，主要用作蒸汽发电的燃料，大量用于制造业的热和动力应用，以及制造焦炭。
Anthracite—the highest rank; a harder, glossy, black coal used primarily for residential and commercial space heating.
无烟煤—变质程度最高的煤，是一种坚硬的、有光泽的黑色煤，主要用于住宅和商业空间供暖。
Graphite—technically the highest rank, but difficult to ignite and is not so commonly used for ignition.
石墨—从技术上讲是变质程度最高的，但是很难点燃，因此不常用于燃烧。
Coal as Fuel
Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel to produce electricity and beat through combustion. World coal consumption is about 5.3 billion tonnes annually, of which about 75% is used for the production of electricity.
煤主要用作固体燃料去发电和助燃。每年世界煤炭消耗量约53亿吨，其中约75%用于发电。
The region including the People’s Republic of China and India uses about 1.7 billion tonnes annually, forecast to exceed 2.7 billion tonnes in 2025.
包括中华人民共和国和印度在内的地区每年的消耗量约为17亿吨，预计2025年将超过27亿吨。
The USA consumes about 1.0 billion tons of coal each year, using 90% of it for generation of electricity.
美国每年消耗约10亿吨煤炭，其中90%用于发电。
Coal is the fastest growing energy source in the world, with coal use increasing by 25% for the three-year period ending in December 2004.
煤炭是世界上增长最快的能源，在截止至2004年12月的三年期间，煤炭使用量增长了25%。
The total known deposits recoverable by current technologies, including highly polluting, low energy content types of coal (i.e. lignite, bituminous), might be sufficient for 300 years’ use at current consumption levels, although maximal production could be reached within decades.
现有技术可开采的已知矿床总量，包括高污染、低能量类型的煤（即褐煤，烟煤），在目前的消耗水平下，可以满足300年的使用，尽管数十年内就会达到最大产量。
Coking and Use of Coke
Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven without oxygen at temperature as high as 1, 000°C (1, 832°F) so that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together.
焦炭是从低灰、低硫烟煤中提炼的一种固体碳质残渣。在温度高达1000°C（1,832°F）的无氧烘箱中烘烤，从而使固定碳和残余灰分熔合在一起。
Lesson2 Part1 https://blog.donothing.cn/index.php/2020/07/01/lesson2-part1/
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