Liquefaction
Coal can also be converted into liquid fuels like gasoline or diesel by several different processes.
煤还可以通过几种不同的方式转化为汽油柴油等液体燃料。
The Fischer-Tropsch process of indirect synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons was used in Nazi Germany for many years and is today used by Sasol in South Africa.
间接合成液态烃的费-托工艺在纳粹德国已经使用了很多年，现在南非的萨索尔也采用这种方法。
Coal would be gasified to make syngas (a balanced purified mixture of CO and H2 gas) and the syngas can be condensed using Fischer-Tropsch catalysts to make light hydrocarbons which are further processed into gasoline and diesel.
煤的气化可以生成合成气（一种平衡的CO与H2的纯净混合物），合成气可以使用费-托催化剂进行冷凝，以产生短链烃，然后进一步加工为汽油和柴油。
A direct liquefaction process, Sergius process (liquefaction by hydrogenation), is also available but has not been used outside Germany, where such processes were operated both during World War I and World War II.
直接液化工艺，Sergius工艺（氢化液化），但尚未在德国以外的区域使用，德国在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间均采用这种工艺。
SASOL in South Africa has experimented with direct hydrogenation.
南非的SASOL已经进行了直接加氢试验。
Several other direct liquefaction processes have been developed, among these being the SRC-I and SRC-II (Solvent Refined Coal) processes developed by Gulf Oil and implemented as pilot plants in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s.
其他几种直接液化工艺已开发出来，包括海湾石油公司开发的SRC-I和SRC-II（溶剂精制煤）工艺并在20世纪60年代至70年代在美国作为试点工厂实施
Another direct hydrogenation process was explored by the NUS Corporation in 1976 and patented by Wilburn C. Schroeder.
另一种直接加氢工艺于1976年由NUS公司开发，并由Wilburn C.获得专利。
The process involved dried, pulverized coal mixed with roughly 1% molybdenum catalysis.
设个过程涉及到将干燥的煤粉与约1%钼催化剂相混合。
Hydrogenation occurred by use of high temperature and pressure synthesis gas produced in a separate gasifier.
利用单独的气化炉生产的高温高压的合成气进行氢化反应。
The process ultimately yielded a synthetic crude product, naphtha, a limited amount of C3/C4 gas, light-medium weight liquids (C5~C10) suitable for use as fuels, small amounts of NH3 and significant amounts of CO2.
该工艺最终生产出了合成原油、石脑油、有限量的C3/C4气体、适合用作燃料的轻质液体（C5~C10），少量的氨和大量的二氧化碳。
Yet another process (Karrick process) to manufacture liquid hydrocarbons from coal is low temperature carbonization (LTC), which was developed by Lewis C. Karrick, an oil shale technologist at the U.S. Bureau of Mines in the 1920s.
由煤生产液态烃的另一种工艺（Karrick工艺）是低温碳化（LTC），它是由1920年美国矿业局的油页岩技术专家Lewis C. Karrick开发的。
Coal is coked at temperatures between 450°C and 700°C compared to 800°C to l ,000°C for metallurgical coke.
煤在450°C到700°C之间结焦，而冶金焦炭在800°C到1000°C之间炼焦。
These temperatures optimize the production of coal tars richer in lighter hydrocarbons than normal coal tar. The coal tar is then further processed into fuels.
这些温度优化了煤焦油的生产，比普通煤焦油含有更轻的碳氢化合物。煤焦油随后被进一步加工成燃料。
Lesson2 Part3 https://blog.donothing.cn/index.php/2020/07/03/lesson2-part3/